More than 9 percent of U.S. households did not have a light duty vehicle (defined as a car, pickup truck, sport-utility vehicle, or van) in 2012, up from 8.7 percent in 2007, according to a new report from the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute.

The report, the fourth part of a series titled Has motorization in the U.S. peaked?, examines recent trends in the proportion of households without a light duty vehicle as one of several indices of the U.S. motorization level. “Recent studies have shown that—per person, per driver, and per household—we now have fewer light duty vehicles, we drive each of them less, and we consume less fuel than in the past,” wrote author Michael Sivak.

The report also shows wide variation in the proportion of households without a vehicle among the 30 largest U.S. cities in 2012. New York City had the most vehicle-free households, 56.5 percent, and San Jose, CA, had the least, 5.8 percent. More than 30 percent of households in six of the 30 cities do not have a vehicle.

The report is available here.